Sojst



(No Model.)

l D. S. RICHARDSON.

COMBINED EOT AIE AND EOT WATER EEATEE. No. 390,098.

m g a W 'Usare STATES ATENT rarer.

DWIGHT S. RICHARDSON, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK.

COMBINED HOT-AIR AND HOT-WATER HEATER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 390.098, dated September 25, 1888.

Application led January 12, 1888. Serial No. 260,477. (No model.)

To all whom, it iii/ay concern:

Beit known that I, DWIGHT S. RICHARD- soN, a citizen of the United States, residing in the city of Brooklyn, in the county of Kings, in the State of New York, have invented a new and useful Combined Hot-Air and Hot- Vater Heater, of which the following is a description.

The invention relates to that class of domestic heaters which embrace two distinct methods or systems of heating, one being the hotair-furnace system, in which air is first heated in a chamber which incloses the furnace and is then conveyed away in pipes which discharge directly into the apartments which are to be heated, and the otherI being the hot-water-heater system, in which the air of the various apartments is warmed by radiation of heat from pipes through which hot water continually circulates, each circuit being formed by a central reservoir, which is located in or near the fuelchamber, and a pipe which, by each extremity, is connected with such central reservoir or water-chamber.

The object of the invention is to produce a two-system heater ofthe character hereinabove described, in which at small cost, and without much, if at all, impairing the cffectivenessof the device as an air-heater, the combustionchamber of a hot-air furnace shall be provided with awater-chamberof moderate dimensions, arranged in such relation ,to the fuel-chamber as to render the heat thereof fully available in sustaining a rapid circulation through the hot-water system.

The invention consists in certain novel features and combinations in a twosystcm heating apparatus of the character above indicated, as will be hereinafter described and claimed.

In the drawings, Figure 'l is a vertical central section, from front to rear, of a portion of a hotair furnace in which my invention is embodied, an air-casing and a radiator or heating-drum being represented in dotted lines. Fig. 2 is a transverse section on the line x x in Fig. l.

The hot-air furnace proper consists in general of the fire pot or fuel chamber A', the ash-pit A2, which is here represented in vpart only, the combustion-chamber A3, which cmbraces all the interior portion of the furnace above the upper extremity of the fuelchainber, and the fuel-supply passage or feed-chute A4, the whole for convenience being designated by the letter A.

As shown in the drawings, the furnace is composed of an ash-pit or basesection, a firepot or fuel-chamber section,and a combustionchamber section, placed one upon another in the order indicated; but this sectional forma tion, although a convenient and desirable one, is not essential to the practice of the invention. In this example an opening, a, is provided at the rear of the combustion-chamber for the attachment of an exitpipe or to receive the rear leg of a radiator or heatingdrum, if such be employed. Acorresponding opening, a', in the top of the feed-chute is to receive a plug, as p, iu the ordinary wellknown manner to receive and support a front leg of a radiator, if one should be used in connection with the furnace.

If desired, the eXit-pipe or the radiator may be connected at a higher point, as at ai', or at a lower point, as at a, without affecting the principle of the operation.

The water-chamber B is made broad and shallow, and it is preferably of such conformation in its horizontal or transverse area as to adapt it to the combustion-chamber in which it is placed, although, for obvious reasons, it does not closely fit the same. It is arranged athwart the combustioirchamber in such a manner as to lie across the course of the volatile products of combustion as they'pass from the fuel-chamber to the exit-opening, and also in such manner as to offer no obstruction to the passage of fuel as it is supplied through the feed-chute to the fire-pot. In this instance it is represented as extending from the front wall of the furnace, at a point a little below the mid-height of the combustion-chamber, obliquely downward to a point at or near the upper extremityof the fire-pot or fuel-cham ber. As thus arranged it receives the direct impact of the heat-currents as they pass from the burning fuel to the eXitopening, and absorbs the heat thereof, for connection and utilization, without any appreciable diminution of the power of the furnace proper to perform its legitimate function as a radiatorl of heat and a distributer of hot air.

The water-chamber is provided with the IOC) usual tapped inlet and outlet openings, b2 and b, for the attachment of the infiow and outflow pipes b and b', and it may be provided with tapered vertical passages b" b4 and b5 b, one end wall of each of which is connected by a web or diaphragm, b or bl, with the side wall, LB, ofthe chamber in such manner that right and left zigzag watenpassages b and bl are produced. Under this construction, as well as under a construction in which the water chamber is made plain or imperforate, the water which is received at the lower extremity of the chamber passes in a continuouslyas cending current through the chamber to its point of discharge therefrom, each of the water-passages b" and b" being slightly higher at its receiving than at its discharging end.

XVhcn the waterchamber is perforated or fined, as described, the water-passages b" b are of the configuration in transverse section represented in Fig. l-that is, broadest in the center and diminishing upwardly and downwardly, a construction which presents a very extensive surface to the action of the outflowingheat-currents, and thus insures thorough heating and rapid circulation ofthe water.

In some situations it may be desirable to placcthe exitopening of the furnace at a right angle to the fuel-supply passage, and when this is donc the arrangement of the watercharnber will by preference, although not necessarily, be correspondingly changed.

Although I have represented the watcrchamber as extending from the upper rear portion of the fire-pot obliqucly upward across the combustion chamber, it will be obvious that it need not extend entirely across such chamber, since the advantages of the fiat and shallow construction, and of the inclined arrangement in the midst of the hottest portion of the combustiouchamber, would be available in almost an equal degree, if the front extremity of the water-chamber come somewhat short of the front wall of the furnace. It will be apparent that under this construction the two systems ofheating operate advantageously in conjunctionmthat is, the effectiveness of 'neither is impaired by reason of its association with the other-for it will be understood that while the hot-air chamber is warmed by radiation from the exterior' surface of the combustion-chamber and its related parts the water-chamber receives its heat almost entirely from the central'portion of the furnace, abstracting from the burning fuel and from that portion of the combustion-chamber immediately above the same a. large proportion of the heat which otherwise would pass directly to the exit-opening and escape unntilized. This construction is quite distinct from one in which the watenchamber occupies a large proportion of the combustion chamber and extends into the upper portion of the same, presenting a large body of water in such relation to the walls ofthe combustion-chamber as to render the furnace almost wholly useless as an airheater.

Having described my invention, I claiml. In a hot-air furnace which has a front fuel-supply passage or f'eedchute, a waterchamber which extends from a point at or near the upper extremity ofthe firepot diagonally upward and across the combnstion-chamber ofthe furnace to a point near the upper boundary of the feedvchute.

2. A hot-air furnace which is provided with a shallow water-circulating chamber which extends athwart the interior of the furnace, across the course of the escaping products of combustion, and in which the water passes in a continuallyvascending zigzag current from the inlet to the outlet opening` of the chamber.

3. The combination, with a hot-air furnace, of an inclined waterheating chamber which extends across the lower portion of the combustionchamber, and which is provided with zigzag water-passages, the wall of'each of which inclines continuously upward from the inlet to the outlet opening of' such passage, whereby the ascent of the watencurrcnts is iliade continuous from the lower to the upper extremity of the chamber.

DWlGIlT S. RICHARDSON.

Vit nesscs:

.Linus B. f tiraron., ll. C. Kansen, Jr. 

